Many people talk about academic excellence — but who or what really defines this elusive quality?
Michèle Lamont, Robert I. Goldman Professor of European Studies and professor of sociology and of African and African American studies, analyzes the system of peer review in her new book “How Professors Think: Inside the Curious World of Academic Judgment” (Harvard University Press, 2009). By examining the process of scholarly evaluation, she also addresses larger questions about academia.
“In some ways studying peer evaluation and review is a point of entry into a much broader issue, which is the issue of meritocracy in American higher education,” says Lamont.
To research the book, Lamont interviewed panelists from research councils and societies of fellows who were evaluating proposals for research funding in the social sciences and the humanities.
Lamont explains that academics must constantly make evaluations, whether of scientific findings or of graduate students. Expertise, personal taste, and the perspective of the evaluator play into the decision-making process, she writes.
“A lot of what the book does is to look at what criteria people use to judge and what meaning they give to these criteria,” says Lamont. “So for instance, what do they mean by ‘significance’ and what do they mean by ‘originality’? How does the definition of ‘originality’ and ‘significance’ vary between philosophy and economics? How strong is the consensus between fields?
Idkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
Answer:
D
Explanation:
They are calculated based on the total property value and total revenue need.
Answer: They are filthy, ignorant, and love wine and women.
Explanation:
In his book titled "The Praise of Folly" which was written in 1509. Erasmus criticizes different classes of people in society. Including them were the monks.
According to Erasmus, monks are behaving in ways contrary to the teachings of Jesus Christ. Based on the fact that during his time monks are ignorant, "They cannot read, and so they consider it the height of piety to have no contact with literature..."
At the same time, they're filthy "Most of them capitalize on their dirt and poverty by whining for food from door to door.."
They also love wine and women, "The monks of certain orders recoil in horror from money, as if it were poison, but not from wine or women."
Intermittent reinforcement is reinforcement that does not occur every time the behavior occurs. The reinforcement occurs "sometimes". Extinction of a behavior occurs when the reinforcer that is maintaining the behavior is stopped. Intermittent reinforcement makes extinguishing a behavior more difficult because the reinforcer is introduced at times.
