The point at which the trade winds converge forces the air up into the atmosphere, forming the ITCZ. ... The ITCZ follows the sun in that the position varies seasonally. It moves north in the Northern Hemisphere summer and south in the Northern Hemisphere winter.
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Paleoclimate studies (e.g., Peterson et al. 2000, Haug et al. 2001) and a series of modeling studies starting with Vellinga and Wood (2002), Chiang and Bitz (2005) and Broccoli et al. (2006) have revealed one important driver of ITCZ shifts: differential heating or cooling of the hemispheres shifts the ITCZ toward the differentially warming hemisphere. So when the northern hemisphere warms, for example, because northern ice cover and with it the polar albedo are reduced, the ITCZ shifts northward. This can be rationalized as follows: When the atmosphere receives additional energy in the northern hemisphere, it attempts to rectify this imbalance by transporting energy across the equator from the north to the south. Most atmospheric energy transport near the equator is accomplished by the Hadley circulation, the mean tropical overturning circulation. The ITCZ lies at the foot of the ascending branch of the Hadley circulation, and the circulation transports energy in the direction of its upper branch, because energy (or, more precisely, moist static energy) usually increases with height in the atmosphere. Southward energy transport across the equator then requires an ITCZ north of the equator, so the upper branch of the Hadley circulation can cross the equator going from the north to the south.
Life on Earth would not be possible without our air. Our air (the atmosphere) provides us with oxygen to breathe and carbon dioxide for plants to live. But the atmosphere does a lot more than provide air for living organisms. The atmosphere also helps to regulate Earth's temperature.
What is it? Greenhouse effect It is a natural phenomenon that occurs on planet Earth. The process is similar to that in a greenhouse used for plant cultivation, but at the planetary level.
How does it work? The atmosphere captures some of the sun's rays that reach the earth's crust, keeping them inside to maintain an approximate temperature of 15 ° C. If the atmosphere does not catch any of these rays that bounce off the surface, the Earth's average temperature would be several degrees below zero. One part of the solar energy is absorbed by the atmosphere, another part is reflected by the clouds, and another part reaches the planet as the visible light that warms us. Once solar radiation has warmed the earth's surface, the earth returns energy, reflecting it and sending it back to the atmosphere.
What are greenhouse gases and how do they relate to the greenhouse effect? The atmosphere is composed of various natural gases. Mostly nitrogen, oxygen and argon. Other gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxide and ozone are those that have a greater impact on the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases retain some of this solar energy inside the planet, and do not let it go into outer space. It is this radiation, which cannot escape the planet, that causes the surface temperature to rise.
Why is the greenhouse effect important to life on Earth? It is a very important process thanks to which the temperature of the planet is regulated to make life possible, allowing to maintain an adequate and pleasant temperature for living beings, retaining part of the sun's energy and releasing another part towards space.
its a economic and political union of 28 countries in the continent of Europe kinda like NATO but like not really its also similar to U.N but also not really they enforce laws in EU and have their own currency (EURO). unlike the U.N they can enforce laws.
