Answer:
Causal association is defined as two events in which one event leads to the cause/development of the second event such as the consumption of trans-fats and the onset of heart disease. In order to show the causal association, it is necessary to ensure that the 3 criteria of temporality, consistency, and strength are satisfied with respect to the relationship between consumption of trans fats and heart disease. According to this example involving the relationship between trans-fats and heart disease, temporality could be satisfied if one is consuming an excessive amount of foods containing trans-fats such asFrench fries, and who then ends up suffering from heart disease. In order to fulfill the criteria of strength, statistical tests would need to be performed in order to establish that there is a positive correlation between the individuals who consume trans-fats 10 times per week are shown to develop and require treatment for heart disease 90% of the time. Lastly, consistency may be fulfilled by showing that the same results are occurring despite applying the same testing measures on different groups of individuals during various increments. By applying the same tests on different groups, the chances of creating false-positives within the study can be significantly lowered. Numerous studies can be used to determine whether meaningful statements regarding the causal relationship between two factors can be established. By performing multiple studies on individuals’ eating habits and their health outcomes, researchers may then determine whether a relationship exists between the health challenges that they are faced with and the items that they consume.
Explanation:
Answer: C. Radical global climate change.
Explanation:
The entire taxa of the species can be wiped out due to an large catastrophic event associated with the change in the climate. As the climate becomes warm the chances of undergoing the global precipitation rate will change. The climate being an important abiotic factor under unstability is likely to affect the amount of rainfall, snow fall, drought and conditions of desertification. All these factors can be responsible for the removal of the entire taxa of the species in short time.
Answer choices please. If there are any.
When a virus attacks a cell, it kills the cell and the virus multiplies to spread throughout the body
Answer:
Explanation:
Lenticels ( tiny openings in the stem of plants through which gases are exchanged and water molecules in form of vapor escapes from the plant into the atmosphere)
