The best reason as to why the caliphs demonstrated religious tolerance to Jews and Christians would be because "D. the caliphs knew freedom of worship led to an overall stronger empire," since allowing people to worship freely meant that they were less likely to rebel against the state.
It would O Maynard Jackson
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Answer:
The colonists fired first, they began throwing rocks and understandably the British fired back but with guns. That's how it happened I may be wrong but that's how I remember it.
There were many times in Russian history where Russia was influenced by Europe and Western traditions. After the reforms of Peter I or Peter the Great, most Russian artworks followed western art traditions. However, there were a couple of Russian artworks that have nothing to do with any other culture. For example, the Matryoshka doll, which is a Russian nesting doll, can be used to depict a Soviet leader or anything else.
Hope this helped :D