The French, Spanish, and English all had land on our continent. England tried to blockade our ships from trading with Europe. The English seized our ships and their cargo. The French seized our ships and their cargo. all the above.
In the South, Martin Luther King, Jr. dealt with issues of racial discrimination, forced segregation by the police, and legal issues like the abolition of the Jim Crow laws. In the North, he had to deal with economic issues. Poor people were everywhere in the cities and they had no chance of improving their lives. The schools for the poor had low standards and did not provide the good training needed for the chance of finding better jobs. Many of the whites were vying with the blacks for the same kind of jobs.
The government of South Africa operates under a parliamentary system as a representative democratic republic. This government framework means that the general population elects individuals to represent their interests. This country is led by the President, who is both the Head of State and the Head of Government.