Most of the mutations have no effects whatsoever on the organisms but some can be dangerous. There are two types of mutations that cause harm to the organism's ability to survive:teratogen muations are the mutations that form inside the uterus when the fetus is still developing and can even kill it or cause severe malformations that lead to death in the early life. Carcinogen mutations are the ones that lead to the formation of neoplasms(masses of cells that divide uncontrollably, basicly cancer).
Answer:
B. It's much harder to provide the right atmospheric environment to cultivate obligate anaerobes, so it's been harder to study them.
Explanation:
Obligate anaerobic bacteria are the ones that can grow only in the absence of oxygen. These bacteria do not derive the energy from aerobic cellular respiration and die when exposed to the presence of oxygen.
Owing to their oxygen sensitivity, the culturing of obligate anaerobic bacteria requires special equipment to ensure the absence of oxygen.
The presence of aerobic conditions in laboratories makes their culture and study harder than that of the aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria.
D because gravitational force cannot pull or push
<h2>Species diversity </h2>
Explanation:
In order to assess the species diversity of a community, one would need to know the number of different species present as well as the relative abundance of the different species
- Species diversity is a function of species richness, the number of species in a given locality and species evenness, the degree to which the relative abundances of species are similar
- The composition of species in a given ecosystem is the result of long lasting evolution
- Each species has adapted to its own niche, which is characterized by certain features (e.g. temperature range, availability of food or light) enabling the species to reproduce and thus maintain its population
- The loss of one species affects many other species and causes imbalance
- As a result, several functions within and of the system are not carried out any more
- Any species that will take over the lost specie's niche will most certainly not replace all of the functions it used to perform
