Answer:
MINERAL NAME LUSTER (appearance) HARDNESS DISTINGUISHING PROPERTIES
Pyrite Metallic Slightly harder than glass Hardness greater than glass (H ~ 6-6.5); Brassy yellow color; black streak; Crystals commonly cubic; no cleavage.
Galena Metallic Softer than glass 3 perfect cleavages at 90 degrees, high density.
Hematite Metallic or non-metallic luster Hard to tell, but harder Red-brown streak.
Hornblende Non-metallic (black) Harder than glass Usually black or dark green; 2 cleavages at 60°/120° (56°/124°)
Biotite Non-metallic (black) Slightly harder than glass 1 perfect cleavage; Dark brown-black color, faint yellow-brown streak.
Olivine Non-metallic (green) Slightly harder than glass Olive green color; Granular; Conchoidal fracture; Hardness greater than glass (H ~ 6.5 – 7).
Plagioclase Feldspar Non-metallic (med. grey to light grey) Slightly harder than glass 2 cleavages at about 90°; Striations (twinning) present; can be white to dark gray.
Potassium Feldspar Non-metallic (Pink to white) Slightly harder than glass 2 cleavages at about 90°; Striations not present; can be pink, white (sometimes green).
Quartz Non-metallic (any color) Harder than glass Hexagonal crystals; No cleavage planes; Conchoidal Fracture; Hardness greater than glass (H=7 on Moh’s scale).
Muscovite Non-metallic (gold-clear) Softer than glass 1 perfect cleavage; Colorless or silvery appearance, once used for window glass; Ke$ha likes it.
Fluorite Non-metallic (purple, green, yellow) Softer than glass softer than glass; FOUR cleavage planes!
Calcite Non-metallic Softer than glass 3 perfect cleavages not at 90° (rhombohedral cleavage); Fizzes readily when HCl acid applied.
Halite Non-metallic Softer than glass 3 perfect cleavages at 90°; Tastes like salt, feels greasy.
Gypsum Non-metallic Softer than glass and softer than a fingernail Generally clear to white; One perfect cleavage, may show up to 3 cleavages; Easily scratched with a fingernail.
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