Depending on the purpose for which the description is needed, there are three various levels of complexity at which the vascular architecture of the liver might be described:
- The first level, known as the conventional level, is equivalent to Couinaud's classic 8-segment scheme and serves as a common language for doctors from other disciplines to define the location of localized hepatic lesions.
- The true branching of the hepatic veins and the main portal pedicles is taken into consideration in the second, surgical level, which will be used for anatomical liver resections and transplantations. Modern surgical and radiological procedures may fully exploit this anatomy, but doing so involves acknowledging that the Couinaud scheme is oversimplified and examining the vascular architecture objectively.
- The third degree of complexity, known as the academic level, is focused on the anatomist and the requirement to provide a systematization that clarifies the apparent conflicts between anatomical literature, radiological imaging, and surgical practice.
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He begins by discussing how horizontal transfer can move genetic material between bacteria. Transformation, transduction, and conjugation in bacteria are all included. He also explains how crossing over, random assortment, and random fertilization can maintain genetic variation in eukaryotes.
Easy answer: its too hot.
The deepest man made hole is Kola Superdeep Borehole. That was a Russian experiment to see how deep you could drill into earths crust, reaching down 12,262 meters. At that depth the temperature reached 180 °C. The scientists estimated that a 15,000 meters depth the temperature would reach 300 °C, and at that temperature the drill would cease to work and the project was stopped.
Explanation:
Bacteria develop resistance mechanisms by using instructions provided by their DNA. Often, resistance genes are found within plasmids, small pieces of DNA that carry genetic instructions from one germ to another. This means that some bacteria can share their DNA and make other germs become resistant.
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When there is a mutation in a gene that produces an enzyme, it can cause disease. Phenylketonuria<span> or PKU is a rare inherited disorder that causes the build up of phenylalanine. This can lead to brain damage in individuals with this disorder if they don't eat a very protein-- restricted diet. The gene mutation doesn't allow the creation of the </span>enzyme<span>needed to break down Phenylalanine, an amino acid in proteins.
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