Glycolysis produces pyruvate as a product.
Answer:
gDNA = "genomic DNA" and cDNA = "complementary DNA." cDNA is classically associated with being reverse transcribed either from all extracted RNA from a tissue or cell (total RNA) including (in eukaryotes) pre-mRNA, ribosomal RNA, tRNA, snoRNA, miRNA and mRNA, etc.) while cDNA obtained only from reverse transcription of the mRNA (expressed eukaryotic cytosolic mRNA) fraction (e.g., by poly[dT]n and random priming) is complementary DNA (cDNA) made from what is called the "transcriptome." Eukaryotes have introns and exons in the gDNA, while prokaryotes do not. So eukaryotic cDNA reverse transcribed from mRNA lacks introns. Prokaryotic-derived cDNA is always complementary to prokaryotic RNA and gDNA (so is always necessary to have a good DNase treatment prior to gene expression analysis by e.g., qPCR for prokaryotic transcriptome work)...
Answer:
Yeah, so basically the image is showing restriction enzymes. The job of restriction enzymes is mainly involved in research when scientists use them for cloning human genes. But that's besides the point...
Main thing you have to understand is that restriction enzymes cut at very specific places along DNA sequences. If you look at the restriction enzyme Rsa 1, you can notice that it cuts only between a thymine nucleotide base and an adenine nucleotide base. Next, if ya look at Sty 1 (be careful b/c W can represent adenine or thymine), it cuts only between two directly adjacent cytosine nucleotide bases!
SO.... if we go to Rsa 1, we can find the answers by dividing up the sequences between the pattern we saw in the gray box. It only cuts between adenine and thymine bases. Based on that, we can find the number of fragments created, and the segment lengths (basically just like how many nucleotide bases are in each strand). Hope ya found this helpful!
Acid-fast bacteria are gram-positive, but in addition to peptidoglycan, the outer membrane or envelope of the acid-fast cell wall of contains large amounts of glycolipids, especially mycolic acids that in the genus Mycobacterium, make up approximately 60% of the acid-fast cell wall
