Answer: because of the pandimic
it startExplanation: coronvires is the probelm over 4 years it started in 2019 to 2022 it even more year well never know.
fifth tick mark means 0.5mL
so ans is 3.5 mL
The primary driving force that stabilizes lipid bilayers is the formation of hydrophobic bonds between fatty acid chains in phospholipids and protein.
The cell membrane is made up of phospolipid bilayer with proteins embedded in between
Lipid bilayer is the structure present in the biological membrane. It consist of two layers of lipids with hydrophilic end facing each other and hydrophobic end facing the outer side.
the inner layer has both the hydrophobic end of the lipid molecules facing each other and bonded by hydrophobic bond van der waals forces.
The outer molecules are bonded with the protein molecules through hydrophilic bonds called hydrogen bonds.
To learn more about lipid bilayers here
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Answer:
Your answer is 4. Hope this helps you. Have a great day! :)
Explanation:
