He was the most extremely talented person famously
Capitals - Paired columns which usually have a square top and round base. These usually depict biblical scenes or legends of local saints.
Latin cross - most churches or abbeys would follow the shape of a Latin cross. The Latin cross is a universal symbol of Christianity.
Piers - columns were replaced with piers which were often used to provide support to arches. the piers are usually cruciform (cross-like) in shape when they intersect two big arches.
There aren't any statements shown but I think i can help with the second part, artists in different times and places are influenced by the different things around them and by what is happening during that time.
For an example of different places; an artist at a beach would be more likely to draw the beach than an artist in a forest and the same way reversed.
An example of different times; an artist in the 1700s would portray people wearing different clothes than an artist would portray today.
Answer: The subject of this piece is the four figures standing on the beach. The content of the mood reflected by the colors and the musical qualities and movement reflected in the brushstrokes.
Explanation: