The answer to #4 is "By" because a preposition word is a word that procedes to a noun or a pronoun. Some examples are "after", "against", "before", "behind", "below", ect... In this case the preposition is "by" and it procedes to the words "royal proclamanation"
I believe It means something like a private school or privately owned business.
True because if you ever watched a race car they do not make tight turns moving at high speeds
