The polis or city-state of ancient Greece was "<span>c. an independent city or town NOT including the countryside" since this focussed primarily on intra-city politics. </span>
The court had declined new deal measures for the Great Depression.
The correct answer is A. The invention of the cotton gin.
Explanation
A cotton gin is a machine created during the late 18th century that has the utility of separating cotton fibers from their seeds and other objects attached to it quickly and easily. The invention of this machine contributed to the strengthening of slavery because it allowed the landowners of the south to start the domestic production of cotton cheaply and easily. However, once the export demand for cotton grew in the north and other countries, the landowners of the south acquired more slaves to supply that demand for cotton. This deepened slavery because none of the southern landowners wanted to set free the African-Americans who were bringing them huge profits from their work. So the correct answer is A.
It show that civilians had a understanding of astronomy