The answer is 'by not fulfilling expectations'. The other options don't really surprise the reader, and if the plot is going into one direction, and then what you'd expect to happen doesn't actually happen, you are surprised, and the element of irony is achieved.
The correct answer is C.
In chapter 12 of the book, Calpurnia decides to take Jem and Scout to church with her. They attend to Maycomb's black church, where the children meet different people from the African American community.
Here, they can see that Calpurnia has a life outside being their cook. They see that she is a person, and that she has her own community and beliefs.
ANSWER:
complex!
theres no comas!
