Talmud is 70% Aramaic, Torah is 100% Hebrew. Talmud has (now) a fixed pagination, so one refers to the exact page in Talmud, the Torah is printed freely, and is referenced by chapters. Talmud is a compendium of sayings of hundreds of different sages, Torah was all said by God.
Monopolies granted to joint stock trading company is correct because that's what caused globalization in European countries and the US to means of mass production.
Mercantilism was not a turning factor because capitalism replaced it soon after.
Yes. Creating laws would be the most important power congress holds. Good job!