A role of nitric oxide (NO) in the increased sensitivity of the aging kidney to injury has been established.
<h3>What is drug toxicity ?</h3>
Drug toxicity is characterised as a wide range of negative effects brought on by the use of drugs at therapeutic or non-therapeutic dosages.
- The rate of cellular apoptosis in the kidney increases with age, resulting in fewer functional nephrons and a decrease in GFR and creatinine clearance ratio. This decrease in renal functional reserve makes the kidney more vulnerable to AKI.
- The mechanisms-based (on-target) toxicity, immunological hypersensitivity, off-target toxicity, and bioactivation/covalent modification are a few of the causes of drug toxicity that can be grouped in different ways.
Learn more about Drug toxicity here:
brainly.com/question/2867251
#SPJ4
Human chorionic gonadotropin
According to the research, opioids are a group of painkilling drugs that produce a relaxed, dreamlike state; moderately high doses often induce sleep.
<h3>What are opioids?</h3>
They are painkillers that have characteristics similar to those of opium, especially in terms of analgesic and euphoric action, those commonly prescribed are:
- Oxycodone is an analgesic that is used to relieve pain symptoms.
- Morphine is a drug that produces analgesia that is used in chronic pain of severe or malignant intensity.
- Oxymorphone is an opioid pain reliever used to relieve severe pain in people who have not been helped by other pain-reducing drugs.
- Their effects include feeling calm, drowsy, confused, slowed down or stops breathing completely.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, opioids are a group of painkilling drugs that produce a relaxed, dreamlike state; moderately high doses often induce sleep.
Learn more about opioids here: brainly.com/question/23551512
#SPJ1
Answer:
About two weeks post-vaccine
Explanation:
