This second revolution was driven by a combination of policy and technology.
The belief in laissez-faire economics meant that the government largely stayed away from business intervention which led to companies pursuing strategies that prioritised profit over welfare and thus led to the rapid increase in factories and industry as the rich invested more knowing they could make large profits.
The invention of the battery and development carbon filament lamps by Edison and Swan as well as the Transcontinental railroad contributed as well.
Taxes and Tariffs would not have contributed as it would have dissuaded investment.
