Alexander Hamilton is the answer
How did the Pendleton Civil Service Act weaken the spoils system after President Garfield died?
The act forced federal employees to pass competitive exams.
The act said that federal employees could be fired for political reasons.
The act said that company contracts and kickbacks were illegal.
The act stopped the reform movement in its tracks.
It would be the economic policy of "mercantilism" that was based on the idea that the American colonies primarily were meant to provide economic benefits for Great Britain, since this philosophy held that trade between two entities benefits mainly the larger entity (in this case Britain), and that it is in that entity's best interest to protect its trading partner (the colonies).
Answer:
The biggest changes were in rigging. At first they concentrated on lateen sails, then added a mix of square sails and lateen for deeper penetration into the South Atlantic, with further changes for the much longer route round the Cape. Knowledge of these techniques was protected by forbidding sales of ships to other countries. A third commercial advantage was Portugal's ability to absorb “new Christians” — Jewish merchants and scholars had played a significant role during Muslim rule.
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Rudy Giuliani.....................................................................