Answer:
all but option b is incorrect as in your list
Answer:
A mutation.
Explanation: When a cell mutates is will be permanently changed.
Answer:
Please give me a better understanding
Answer:
Protein: 3. This folded amino acid chain is genetically encoded and performs specific functions in the cell.
DNA: 1. This series of nucleotides encodes proteins.
Chromatin: 4. This substance is made up of fibers that are formed in the nucleus by supercoiling genetic material.
Histones: 2. These proteins regulate transcription and modifications of genetic material.
Answer:
= 
Explanation:
Given that the woman’s maternal grandfather is color-blind, then it is possible that the woman is a carrier of color-blind allele.
Then probability that the woman is a carrier of color-blind allele is =
So if a carrier woman cross with a normal man
Let say the gene of the carrier woman is: 
and the normal man = 
so if we have a cross between
and
; we have:



we can see the offspring to be :
=normal unaffected female
= normal unaffected male
= carrier female for color-blind
= carrier male for color-bind
Then probability that of inheriting defective allele =
= 
Let's not forget that the probability that the woman is a carrier of color-blind allele is =
∴ the probability that the son is colorblind = 
= 