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Italian Ethiopia (in Italian: Etiopia italiana), also known as the Italian Empire of Ethiopia,[1] was the territory of the Ethiopian Empire which was subjugated and occupied by Italy from approximately five years.[2] Italian Ethiopia was not an administrative entity, but the formal name of the former territory of the Ethiopian Empire which now constituted the Governorates of Amhara, Harar, Galla-Sidamo, and Scioa after the establishment of Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana, AOI).[3]
After the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, in which Ethiopia was occupied by Fascist Italy, the Ethiopian territories were proclaimed part of Italian East Africa (AOI) in 1936, with the capital of the AOI being established in Addis Ababa[4] and Victor Emmanuel III proclaiming himself Emperor of Ethiopia. Fighting between Ethiopian and Italian regular forces continued until February 1937, and afterward guerrilla fighting persisted into 1940.[5][6]
In 1941, during World War II, Ethiopia was liberated by Allied forces, mainly from the British Empire, in the East African Campaign, but an Italian guerrilla war continued until 1943. Despite the return of Emperor Haile Selassie from his exile and the recognition of Ethiopian sovereignty with the signing of an Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement in December 1944, some regions still remained under British occupation for several more years.[7] Under the peace treaty of 1947, Italy recognized the sovereignty and independence of Ethiopia and renounced all claims to special interests or influence in that country.[8] Many Italian settlers remained for decades after receiving full pardon by Emperor Selassie.[9][10]
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