A scientist focusing on the evolutionary history of specific significant traits is engaged in cladistics.
Cladistics is a method of biological classification in which organisms (plants and animals) are grouped based upon shared significant derived characteristics (synapomorphies). Cladistics identifies various significant shared traits that can be traced to the most recent common ancestor of a group of species and that are not found in more distant groups and ancestors. Cladistics uses various anatomical, molecular and genetic characteristics of organisms.
In DNA methylation, the most frequently methylated nitrogenous base is the cytosine. Its methylation is widespread in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Its rate of DNA methylation differs greatly between different species like Arabidopsis thaliana which is 8%, Physarum, 4%, Mus musculus, 2.3%, and etc.
Answer:
The correct option is: 4. Heat at 62.8 degrees C for 30 minutes
Explanation:
Pasteurization is the process or technique of heating packaged as well as the unpackaged liquid food, to remove pathogens and extend the shelf life. In this process,<u> the food is usually heated at temperatures below 100 °C.</u>
Originally, this process involved heating the food at 72.2 °C for 15 seconds and <u>62.8 °C (145 °F) for 30 minutes, for batch pasteurization.</u>
Answer & explanation:
Primary succession occurs in environments that did not have biological communities in place and present unfavorable conditions for the establishment of life. Examples of these sites are rocks, dunes and newly solidified lava pits.
The pioneer organisms in primary succession are mainly producers and some decomposers.
In <u>dune</u> <u>environments</u>, for example, there are grasses, whose seeds are wind-borne and able to withstand excessive heat, water scarcity and unstable soil, and their roots are firm, preventing these plants from being harmed by the wind.
Sites with <u>rocky</u> <u>surfaces</u> can be colonized by photosynthetic bacteria, fungi or some species of algae. These organisms release substances that alter the substrate, allowing the installation of new species over time.
1. The four primary functions of carbohydrates in the body are to provide energy, store energy, build macromolecules, and spare protein and fat for other uses.
2. Glucose energy is stored as glycogen, with the majority of it in the muscle and liver.
Examples:
1. Beans and legumes, such as black beans, chickpeas, lentils and kidney beans.
2. Fruits, such as apples, berries and melons.
3. Whole-grain products, such as brown rice, oatmeal and whole-wheat bread and pasta.
4. Vegetables, such as corn, lima beans, peas and potatoes.
