Answer:
b. Exempt Review
Explanation:
Exempt review is a term used in academic studies that represents a situation in which a research or study may be approved by the institutional review committee (IRB), even with minimal risk. This type of research does not require much protocol by the IRB and can be approved for publication even without the need to convene this committee.
Answer:
D. threat; challenge
Explanation:
Anything that causes an organisms stress process to initiate is called a stressor.
Threat is something that can cause us harm or something which we perceive might cause us harm.
A challenge is a threat, if overcome can cause us to grow our personality.
So, a threat is something which we cannot overcome while a challenge is a threat which we perceive can overcome and will be beneficial for us.
In DSM-IV, personality disorders are being divided into three or namedly, into three clusters. They are cluster a, cluster b and cluster c. In the given question above, the cluster c disorders are about personality disorders in regards to being an obsessive compulsive, the feeling of being avoidant towards others and the feeling of being dependant. These characteristics are all about being anxious and fearful towards self, society and other factors that will trigger this characteristic.
Sorry, but this question is incomplete.
