I believe the answer is the first one
Explanation:
The development of such major Sudanic kingdoms and empires as Ghana, Mali, Songhai, the Hausa states, and Kanem-Bornu along the southern fringes of the Sahara had a number of important consequences for the history of western Africa as a whole
They were kept hostage for 444 days
In a planned economy, the one that does their job of market forces in order to determine the outcome would be :
The government.
In this system, the Government control all the resource usage and distribution, leaving the private sector with almost no power.
