Answer;
-Sensory, motor, and interneurons
Explanation;
-Sensory neurons or afferent neurons carry signals from the outer parts of your body (periphery) into the central nervous system. They receive information from both external (through the senses) and internal (from muscles, organs and glands) environment.
-Interneurons are only located in CNS & connect between motor and sensory neurons. They exist only in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). They relay messages from sensory neurons to motor neurons and also bring message from various sources, organizing and integrating information.
-Motor neurons (efferent neurons) transmit neural messages from the brain to various areas of the body including muscles, internal organs and glands. They enable bodily movements, internal organs to be activated and glandular secretions to occur. They also Receive and act on messages received from interneurons.
True. Mitosis only happens in Eukaryotic organisms, although the process varies depending on the organism.
The answer is (D)
Composting helps in manufacturing of manure which is very very healthy for the plants.
Reusing , reusing plastic bags can be helpful for the environment
Recycling , can be used to convert plastic into other useful substance , which is an advantage for the environment.
Incinerating is the process of burning waste materials , due to this , there is a smoke emission which is very harmful for the environment.
A pathogen is a microorganism that is able to cause disease in a plant, animal or insect. Pathogenicity is the ability to produce disease in a host organism. Microbes express their pathogenicity by means of their virulence, a term which refers to the degree of pathogenicity of the microbe. Hence, the determinants of virulence of a pathogen are any of its genetic or biochemical or structural features that enable it to produce disease in a host.
The relationship between a host and a pathogen is dynamic, since each modifies the activities and functions of the other. The outcome of such a relationship depends on the virulence of the pathogen and the relative degree of resistance or susceptibility of the host, due mainly to the effectiveness of the host defense mechanisms. Staphylococcus aureus, arguably the most prevalent pathogen of humans, may cause up to one third of all bacterial diseases ranging from boils and pimples to food poisoning, to septicemia and toxic shock. Electron micrograph from Visuals Unlimited, with permission.
The Underlying Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenicity
Two broad qualities of pathogenic bacteria underlie the means by which they cause disease:
1. Invasiveness is the ability to invade tissues. It encompasses mechanisms for colonization (adherence and initial multiplication), production of extracellular substances which facilitate invasion (invasins) and ability to bypass or overcome host defense mechanisms.
2. Toxigenesis is the ability to produce toxins. Bacteria may produce two types of toxins called exotoxins and endotoxins. Exotoxins are released from bacterial cells and may act at tissue sites removed from the site of bacterial growth. Endotoxins are cell-associated substance. (In a classic sense, the term endotoxin refers to the lipopolysaccharide component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria). However, endotoxins may be released from growing bacterial cells and cells that are lysed as a result of effective host defense (e.g. lysozyme) or the activities of certain antibiotics (e.g. penicillins and cephalosporins). Hence, bacterial toxins, both soluble and cell-associated, may be transported by blood and lymph and cause cytotoxic effects at tissue sites remote from the original point of invasion or growth. Some bacterial toxins may also act at the site of colonization and play a role in invasion. Acid-fast stain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the agent of tuberculosis (TB). The bacteria are the small pink-staining rods. More than one-third of the world population is infected. The organism has caused more human deaths than any other bacterium in the history of mankind. Although its ability to produce disease is multifactorial, it is not completely understood. American Society of Microbiology, with permission.
Answer: A
Explanation: Because Taq polymerase came from a thermophilic bacterium known as Thermus aquaticus found in Yellowstone National park, during PCR they should be kept at a specific temperature of 72C for maximum DNA strand replication and range of 75C-80C for optimum DNA strand replication. DONT TRUST ME im not sure
