The three ways mutations can occur are Mutations arise spontaneously at low frequency owing to the chemical instability of purine and pyrimidine bases and to errors during DNA replication. Natural exposure of an organism to certain environmental factors, such as ultraviolet light and chemical carcinogens (e.g., aflatoxin B1), also can cause mutations.
DNA is a long polymer of nucleotides (long strand of A,T,G,C in a defined sequences for any given gene.
The three types of mutations are 1. Substitution where a base is changed from its original to a new base (A—>G) 2 insertion where a nucleotide is added into the DNA. 3 Deletion where a nucleotide is deleted.
I feel it's to easily differentiate the positive from the negative...... like in gram staining of bacteria, the colour tell us which bacteria is gram positive or gram negative...... I just feel that this is science and it is advisable to know what the opposite result of an experiment should look like.
