The correct answer is nature
In artistic terms, the Renaissance will succeed Gothic, and its main characteristic is its approach to Antiquity. But the aim of the Renaissance artist was not to copy the greatness and excellence of Classical art, but to match these creations.
During this period, artists (from the Fine Arts) are no longer considered mere artisans and are seen as intellectual men. This change in attitude towards the artist led to the collection of works of art, since everything that came out of the hands of a master was considered of great value.
There are also workshops, which will later lead to the creation of academies, and artists gain more freedom, functioning almost as entrepreneurs.
In general, you can look at the Supreme court checking congress (by overturning unconstitutional laws), congress checks the president (through investigation committees, and eventually potential impeachment) and the president checks the Supreme court (by appointing justices). There are some smaller checks that run counter to this order (like the President can veto congressional bills), but they're much more minor powers. Most of the time, the "checking" of presidential power by the supreme court happens by the court striking down laws passed through congress that the president has thrown a considerable amount of political weight behind (think many of FDR's new deal programs, some of which were struck down by the court. Obamacare also narrowly had some of it's components struck down by the court). The Supreme court can strike down executive orders that are unconstitutional. President Trump's muslim ban, for instance, had some of it's elements stricken down by the court in just the last month.
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They could own land, initiate divorce, own and operate their own business, become priests, seers, dentists, and doctors and theyre not allowed to hold scribes or obtain government jobs
The leader who was in the USA was Jimmy carter. in Britain the prime minister was James Callaghan. However this is because the detente collapsed in 1979 after soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
As per the question however, in the 1980's the USA leader was Reagan and great Britain was Thatcher Margaret.
