Answer:
CD4 on the surface of helper T-cells.
Explanation:
MHC class II ( major histocompatibility complex) molecules are processed from the exogenous source. The presentation of antigen on cells are important for the adaptive immune response.
MHC class II interact with CD 4 present on the surface of T helper cells. This interaction is important for the generation of an immune response. Helper T cells can release cytokines and can perform phagocytosis.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
Answer: B. Fat digestion
Details:
The purpose of the gallbladder is to break down fat during digestion and to help the body get rid of waste.
The most common type of gallbladder malfunction occurs when cholesterol solidifies into gallstones. WHen the gallstones become large, they cause colic or severe pain in the upper body.
Echinoderms, like chordates, are deuterostomes and are therefore thought to be the most closely related of the major phyla to the chordates
The proteins exhibit four levels of organization:
1. Primary structure: It refers to a sequence of amino acids join together by the peptide bonds to produce a polypeptide chain.
2. Secondary structure: It is a localized twisting of the polypeptide chain by producing a hydrogen bond. Two types are formed, that is, the alpha helix and beta pleated sheet.
3. Tertiary structure: It refers to the three-dimensional composition of a polypeptide chain. The folding is not regular as it is in secondary composition. It produces ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bond, and hydrogen bond amongst the polypeptide chains.
4. Quaternary structure: It comprises an amalgamation of two or more polypeptide chains that functions as a single functional unit. The bonds are identical as in tertiary composition.
Thus, the levels of secondary, tertiary, and quaternary protein structure would get affected if all the hydrogen bonding associations were inhibited.
Answer:chloroplasts and cellulose cell wal
Explanation:
