COPD, emphysema, bronchitis , and asthma. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which incorporates chronic bronchitis.
<h3>What about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?</h3>
- COPD symptoms include persistent coughing or wheezing.
- Excessive sputum or phlegm.
- Respiration difficulty.
- The signs and symptoms include wheezing, expulsion mucus (sputum), and trouble breathing.
- It's frequently brought on by prolonged exposure to irritant gases or particulates, most often from cigarette smoke.
- Heart disease, carcinoma , and a variety of other diseases are more likely to occur in people with COPD.
- In around 9 out of each 10 cases, smoking is regarded to be the first cause of COPD.
- The lining of the lungs and airways can get damaged by the toxic compounds in smoke.
- Quitting smoking can help stop the deterioration of COPD.
- Short-acting bronchodilator inhalers are the initial line of therapy for the bulk of COPD patients.
- Breathing is formed easier by bronchodilators, which relax and expand the airways.
- Short-acting bronchodilator inhalers are available in two varieties: beta-2 agonist inhalers, like salbutamol and terbutaline.
- For those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who have (or are in danger for) hypercapnia, an excessive amount of oxygen can be harmful.
- Patients with hypercapnia are frequently over oxygenated, despite established standards and acknowledged danger.
Learn more about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease here:
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Answer:
If red blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, they will shrink because the water moves out of the cell through osmosis. When red blood cells are places in hypotonic solution they swell and rupture because the water moved in the cell through osmosis.
Explanation:
If red blood cells are placed in 1400mOsm of NaCl, the cell volume will be lost because the wayer in the cell moves out due to higher concentration of salt outside, they will shrink.
Similarly if the red blood cells are places in urea and NaCl the cell will again shrink.
People who can get the flu shot:
Different flu shots are approved for people of different ages. Everyone should get a vaccine that is appropriate for their age.
There are inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV) that are approved for people as young as 6 months of age.
Some vaccines are only approved for adults. For example, the recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV) is approved for people aged 18 years and older, and the adjuvanted and high-dose inactivated vaccines are approved for people aged 65 years and older.
Pregnant women and people with certain chronic health conditions can get a flu shot.
Most people with egg allergy can get a flu shot.
People who SHOULD NOT get the flu shot:
Children younger than 6 months of age are too young to get a flu shot.
People with severe, life-threatening allergies to flu vaccine or any ingredient in the vaccine. This might include gelatin, antibiotics, or other ingredients. See Special Considerations Regarding Egg Allergy for more information about egg allergies and flu vaccine
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/egg-allergies.htm.
Answer:
a. mast cell stabilizers and methylprednisolone
