The correct answer is:
B) <em>the concept that a high rate of consumption and spending are the basis for a sound economy</em>
The correct answer is D. noun clause.
The clause <em>Maria was not going to show up </em>cannot be independent because it depends on the first part of the sentence. What did Tony realize? - That Maria was not going to show up.
Since it doesn't describe a noun or a verb, it cannot be an adjective/adverb clause either.
Answer: The hearth refers to a fireplace, which is a traditional symbol of the home. The salamander is one of the official symbols of the firemen. They also refer to firetrucks as salamanders.
Explanation: