Reinforcement and punishment are the correct answers.
In Psychology, the Law of Effect states that responses that produce a satisfying effect tend to occur again and responses that result in a discomforting effect are less likely to re-occur. Thus, when people receive rewards for acting a certain way, they are most likely going to keep it up. On the other hand, if people are punished for acting a certain way, they are more likely to avoid acting that way again. Modern psychologists refer to the first part of the Law of Effect as <u>reinforcement</u> and the second part as <u>punishment</u>.
Answer:
It kept nations from cooperating to achieve shared goals.
Explanation:
Imperialism hurt rather than help European nations because<em> It kept nations from cooperating to achieve shared goals</em>. European nations were powerful and felt they were superior to the colonies. They applied Darwin's ideas that claimed that only the fittest survived and applied it to nations. Moreover, there was a competition among European countries to seize territories in foreign lands, and this prevented them from achieving shared goals.
Ecuador,The closest land mass is that of mainland Ecuador, the country to which they belong