During fertilization, a _sperm_ and _egg_ combine to form a _zygote_.
Sperm and egg (gametes) are both haploid, and the fertilized zygote is diploid.
The organelle that maintains pressure against the cell wall, so that the plant cell keeps it shape, is
the (a) central vacuole.
I don't understand ur question. Hmm
Explanation:
<u>anaerobic process that restores NAD+ supply
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Within cells, aerobic respiration may not occur due to several factors:
- - a lack of inorganic, final electron acceptors
- -incomplete or lack of a complete electron transport system
- -missing genes for enzymes within the Kreb's cycle
Thus, they utilize other means for the generation of energy in the form of ATP and to replenish NAD+ an oxidized form of NADH, the main electron carrier in glycolysis. Pyruvate is produced in the cytoplasm via glycolysis- it is also used as an electron acceptor in a process called fermentation.
Further Explanation:
overall: C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ≈38 ATP
In all eukaryotic cells mitochondria are small cellular organelles bound by membranes, these make most of the chemical energy required for powering the biochemical reactions within the cell. This chemical energy is stored within the molecule ATP which is produced. Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’ or Citric acid cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycolysis in the cytoplasm).
Oxidative phosphorylation describes a process in which the NADH and FADH2 made in previous steps of respiration process give up electrons in the electron transport chain these are converted it to their previous forms, NADH+ and FAD. Electrons continue to move down the chain the energy they release is used in pumping protons out of the matrix of the mitochondria.
This forms a gradient where there is a differential in the number of protons on either side of the membrane the protons flow or re-enter the matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase, which makes the energy storage molecules of ATP from the reduction of ADP. At the end of the electron transport, three molecules of oxygen accept electrons and protons to form molecules of water...
- Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm 2 molecules of ATP are used to cleave glucose into 2 pyruvates, 4 ATP and 2 electron carrying NADH molecules. (2 ATP are utilized for a net ATP of 2)
- The Citric acid or Kreb's cycle: in the mitochondrial matrix- 6 molecules of CO2 are produced by combining oxygen and the carbon within pyruvate, 2 ATP oxygen molecules, 8 NADH and 2 FADH2.
- The electron transport chain, ETC: in the inner mitochondrial membrane, 34 ATP, electrons combine with H+ split from 10 NADH, 4 FADH2, renewing the number of electron acceptors and 3 oxygen; this forms 6 H2O, 10 NAD+, 4 FAD.
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Answer:
1. myosin ATPase
2. Ca2+-ATPase
Explanation:
ATPase activity of myosin head hydrolysis ATP and energize the myosin head. The energized myosin head forms cross bridges to facilitate the power stroke of muscle contraction. The fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic fibers have the ability to produce ATP by aerobic respiration.
These fibers have the ATPase in their myosin heads that hydrolyze ATP three to five times faster than the myosin ATPase in slow fibers. This ensures the faster speed of contraction of these fast-twitch muscle fibers.
During their relaxation, Ca2+ ATPase pumps the calcium ions back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. As the level of Ca2+ ions in the sarcoplasm decreases, calcium ions are released from troponin. Tropomyosin is allowed to cover the myosin-binding sites on actin and the muscle fiber relaxes faster.
