Answer:
Phosphorylation
Methylation
Explanation:
Histone mobilization deals with the covalent bonding of several functional groups to the free nitrogens in the R-groups of lysine in the N-terminal tail.
DNA transcription can be controlled or altered via 'methylation' on the histones. Methylation is the mode of transferring methyl group to amino group of histone proteins that form the nucleosomes, which result to chromosomes formation through wrapping of DNA double helix around it. Histones methylation can either increase or decrease genes transcription. Chromatin modification is known to stimulate neural pathways that are essential for long memories and learning.
Histones phosphorylation is associated transcriptional activation. It deals with the transfer of phosphate group to amino acids of the proteins. Phosphate group known to be negatively charged, when transferred to amino acids of the histone proteins, it creates a repulsive force with the negatively charged phosphates of the DNA backbone. It can occur in serine, tyrosine and threonine. The enzymes kinases activate phosphorylation, while protein phosphatases remove phosphate groups.
Answer:
Nowadays, liposomes have become very popular in carrying numerous molecules in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, in food and farming industries, it has been extensively studied that the use of liposome encapsulation to develop delivery systems. The new delivery system can entrap unstable compounds (such as antimicrobials, antioxidants, flavors and bioactive elements) and shield their functionality.
In recent years, liposomes are designed for advanced biotechnology product delivery systems, including antisense oligonucleotides, cloned genes, recombinant proteins and drugs. The delivery system using liposome has many benefits. For example, the solubility of lipophilic and amphiphilic drugs can be improved by loading them in liposomes.
Currently, because of severe side-effects and toxicity, quite a few drugs on the market can only be used in the direst situations. Many of these drugs have exceptional antimicrobial effect, however, the poor pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties limit their use. Drug encapsulation using liposomal or lipid drug delivery system can improve the problems mentioned above to such an extent. Therefore, the drugs can be brought into regular use with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.
Explanation:
https://www.creative-biostructure.com/pclass-liposomes-products-5.htm
prophase (the first option from top)
Answer:
During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO 2) and water (H 2 O) from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose.
Explanation:
The energy for photosynthesis comes from light. Light energy is converted to chemical energy by chlorophyll. There are two sets of reactions, light dependent and light independent. The process mostly takes place in the chloroplasts of plant leaf mesophyll cells. Photosynthesis is the process where a plants uses the sun’s energy to turn light into chlorophyll. Plants produce oxygen during this process and utilize carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis is the single most important chemical process on the earth. Almost all plants needs the sun in order to survive Photosynthesis is the most important chemical process on earth – it provides food and energy for all living creatures who eat the plants that rely on this process to produce their food (glucose). · More than half (70%) of the world’s oxygen is produced by phytoplankton photosynthesis in the world’s oceans.
Answer:
They carry blood which is low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide into your lungs so that the carbon dioxide can be blown off, and more oxygen can be absorbed into the bloodstream. it is pumped all around your body to supply oxygen to cells and organs.
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