Citizens can write letters, vote, and speak with elected officials. These actions are considered: civic participation.
The correct option is 4.
Civic engagement or civic participation refers to any individual or group activity which deals with issues of public concern. Citizens acting alone or together seeking to protect public values or make a change or difference in the community are common types of civic engagement.
From the definition of absolute phrases we know that it is a modifier that attaches to a sentence without a conjunctution. So, we can say "his chubby legs, pumping" is the correct answer.
