1. impinge = strike
The word impinge can have various meanings, but in the case above, it means to strike. When 'the rain impinge[d] upon the earth,' it means that it started raining, the rain started striking the earth. To impinge means that something starts, and usually something negative.
2. garrulous = loquacious
The word garrulous refers to someone who talks excessively, likes to talk a bit too much, and usually about something trivial. Loquacious is a fancy word to denote the same thing, although it has a more positive connotation - it refers to someone who can speak nicely.
3. pious = religious
The word pious comes from the Latin word pius, which means dutiful. So when English took this word from Latin, it added a different suffix (-ous), and gave it the meaning of being 'dutiful to God.' So nowadays, pious refers to someone who is devoutly religious.
4. ruinous = dilapidated
The word ruinous refers to something which is in ruins, which is falling apart. The word which means the same thing is dilapidated - both of these words are usually used to describe buildings that are very old, and derelict, and are practically in ruins.
Answer:
When writers or speakers use appeal to authority, they are claiming that something must be true because it is believed by someone who said to be an "authority" on the subject. Whether the person is actually an authority or not, the logic is unsound. Instead of presenting actual evidence, the argument just relies on the credibility of the "authority."
Examples of Appeal to Authority:
1. A commercial claims that a specific brand of cereal is the best way to start the day because athlete Michael Jordan says that it is what he eats every day for breakfast.
2. A book argues that global warming is not actually happening, and cites the research of one environmental scientist who has been studying climate change for several years.
3. Someone argues that drinking is morally wrong and cites a sermon from her pastor at church.
4. A little boy says that his friends should not go swimming in a river because his Mama said there were germs in the river.
5. A commercial claims that 3 out of 4 dentists would choose this particular brand of toothpaste for their own families to use.
6. My sister-in-law, who is a teacher, said that this school is not somewhere that I would want to send my children.
Abstract nouns are nouns that the five senses can not detect. Honesty is like honestly. You cannot see honesty, you can not feel honesty, you cannot see honesty, you can not taste honesty, and you can not hear honesty. So, it is an abstract noun.
This question is missing the options. I've found the complete question online. It is the following:
What change should be made in sentence 3? (Mikayla placed the dough on her right hand and then spins it into the air, trying to mimic the chef.)
A. Insert a comma after "fist".
B. Change "then" to "than".
C. Change "spins" to "spun".
D. Change "it" to "them".
Answer:
The change that should be made in sentence 3 is:
C. Change "spins" to "spun".
Explanation:
The sentence "Mikayla placed the dough on her right hand and then spins it into the air, trying to mimic the chef" is incorrect for only one reason - the shift in verb tenses. The sentence begins with a verb in the simple past and, all of a sudden, changes to the simple present. It is clear that this is a sequence of actions that took place in the past, one after the other, so the shift is inappropriate in this case. To correct it, we must change the verb in the present form (spins) to the past form (spun):
Mikayla placed the dough on her right hand and then spun it into the air, trying to mimic the chef.
