Answer:
It is necessary because of the base pairing between the desired gene and plasmid
Explanation:
Restriction enzymes are enzymes that recognize the specific DNA sequence-restriction site, double-stranded cut DNA and produce ends with a single-stranded overhang. The overhangs of the plasmid can stick together with overhangs of gene of interest by complementary base pairing. Joining of ovarhangs is done by the enzyme DNA ligase.
First answer is A
Second answer is C
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Answer:
1) Recursive definition: 
2) At the beginning of the 4th interval
Explanation:
1)
The initial population of the bacteria at time zero is

Here we are told that the reading is taken every two hours; we call this time interval "n", so

And also, after every time interval n, the number of bacteria has tripled.
This means that when n = 1,

And when n=2,

Applied recursively, we get

And substituting p0,
(1)
2)
Here we want to find at the beginning of which interval there are

bacteria.
This means that we can rewrite eq.(1) as

By simplifying,

Which means that

However, this means that the number of bacteria is 1,350,000 after 3 time intervals; therefore, at the beginning of the 4th interval.