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Microscopes have been used for centuries in order to see specimen scientists cannot see with their unaided eye. Antón VanLeeonhoeuk is given credit for designing the first lenses for microscopes in the 16th century. He looked at “animacules” which we would now call bacteria and protists. Robert Hooke first coined the term cell, as he looked at cork and thought it looked like cells that monks slept in. Improvements were made in the following centuries, and Ernest Leintz in the 1800s creates a way to have differing magnification lenses on one microscope. Continuing into the 1900s and 2000s there are now electron scanning microscopes, ultraviolet microscopes, atomic force microscopes, and electron tunneling microscopes—all which allow scientists to have better resolution and to see smaller and smaller things. Microscope technology will continue to improve as scientists discover more ways to magnify the microscopic world.
The soon to be male organism, developing from the zygote, receives or inherits the X chromosome from his mother. His father provides him the y chromosome, the smaller of the 2 sex chromosomes.
<span>Ozone is simply a molecule consisting of 3 oxygen atoms, which reacts strongly with other molecules. Ozone is created in the stratosphere when high energy uv radiation causes on O2 molecule to split. The free oxygen atoms collide and react with other O2 molecules to form O3.</span>
Production is highest where the solar uv is the greatest eg near the tropics, but once created, the ozone is then circulated towards the poles by the atmosphere. The amount of ozone in the stratosphere can vary with location, season and even day to day climatic conditions.
<span>The process of ozone creation is what makes the O3 in the atmosphere very effective at shielding the Earth from harmful uv radiation, which can cause many biological problems, such as skin cancer. However, due to its high reactivity, the uv found in the tropospher at ground level can aslo be dangerous as a toxic pollutant which is harmful to plants and lung tissue, and is a major cause of smog.</span>