The East–West Schism (also the Great Schism or Schism of 1054) is the break of communion since the 11th century between the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Churches.[1] The schism was the culmination of theological and political differences which had developed during the preceding centuries between Eastern and Western Christianity.
East–West Schism
Date
January–July 1054
Also known as
Great Schism,
Schism of 1054
Type
Christian Schism
Cause
Ecclesiastical differences
Theological and Liturgical disputes
Participants
Pope Leo IX
Ecumenical Patriarch Michael I Cerularius
Outcome
Permanent split of the two churches into the modern-day Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Churches
A succession of ecclesiastical differences and theological disputes between the Greek East and Latin West pre-dated the formal split that occurred in 1054.[1][2][3] Prominent among these were the issues of the procession of the Holy Spirit, whether leavened or unleavened bread should be used in the Eucharist,[a] the Bishop of Rome's claim to universal jurisdiction, and the place of the See of Constantinople in relation to the pentarchy.[7]
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The Western frontier took 137 years for it to be finally settled.
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Three cities located on the Trinity River are Dallas and Forth Worth. Houston is also located near it.
The Trinity River is a 1,140-km-long river that originates in northern Texas and flows into the Gulf of Mexico just east of Houston. The river runs through the major cities of Fort Worth and Dallas in its upper course, and is heavily regulated with dams for irrigation, flood control and power generation. It flows southeast, through Lake Livingston Dam into Trinity Bay at the back of Galveston Bay. Its estuary is near Anahuac, southeast of Houston.