The creation of approximately ten million refugees from 1947-48 was a result of World War II.
World War II brought destruction of lot of countries, millions of people lost their homes that were flattened with the ground, the economies were destroyed and on the verge of bankruptcy, so millions of people left their countries in search for better life (or rather just normal life).
.the part of the land near the sea; the edge of the land.
The answer would have to be snow ice and clouds
One of the two main differences between the governmental structure of the Songhai kingdom and Ghana and Mali is that Songhai was divided into five provinces, while Ghana and Mali had strong central governments.