Answer:
0.8
Explanation:
There is a population where the frequencies of allele 1 and allele 2 are 0.7 and 0.3, respectively
Let's use GG to represent allele 1
Let's use gg to represent allele 2
So we can equally say that;
GG = p = 0.7
gg = q = 0.3 ( from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium)
So, given that the selection coefficient = 0.2
We known that the cross between GG and gg will definitely results to (GG,Gg and gg)
Then the fitness of these genes can be represented as:
1 - s, 1 and 1 - t respectively.
Thus. the allele 1's genotype fitness can be determined as
= 1 - s ( where s is the selection coefficient)
= 1 - 0.2
= 0.8
<h2>DNA </h2>
Explanation:
1) Experiment done by Griffith:
- Griffith used two related strains of bacteria, known as R and S
- R bacteria were nonvirulent, meaning that they did not cause sickness when injected into a mouse whereas mice injected with live S bacteria developed pneumonia and died
- Griffith tried injecting mice with heat-killed S bacteria (that is, S bacteria that had been heated to high temperatures, causing the cells to die), the heat-killed S bacteria did not cause disease in mice
- When harmless R bacteria were combined with harmless heat-killed S bacteria and injected into a mouse, not only did the mouse developed disease and died, but when Griffith took a blood sample from the dead mouse, he found that it contained living S bacteria
- Griffith concluded that the R-strain bacteria must have taken up what he called a transforming principle from the heat-killed S bacteria, which allowed them to transform into smooth-coated bacteria and become virulent
2) Experiment done by Avery:
- Avery, McCarty and MacLeod set out to identify Griffith's transforming principle
- They began with large cultures of heat-killed S cells and, through a long series of biochemical steps progressively purified the transforming principle by washing away, separating out, or enzymatically destroying the other cellular components
- These results all pointed to DNA as the likely transforming principle but Avery was cautious in interpreting his results
- He realized that it was still possible that some contaminating substance present in small amounts, not DNA, was the actual transforming principle
3) Experiment done by Hershey and Chase:
- Hershey and Chase studied bacteriophage, or viruses that attack bacteria
- The phages they used were simple particles composed of protein and DNA, with the outer structures made of protein and the inner core consisting of DNA
- Hershey and Chase concluded that DNA, not protein, was injected into host cells and made up the genetic material of the phage
Pigment molecules capturing photons in the chloroplast are organized in distinct structures called photosystems.
Photosynthetic pigments, which include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, are light-harvesting molecules found in chloroplast thylakoid membranes. As previously stated, pigments and proteins are organized into complexes known as photosystems.
Photosystems are functional units for photosynthesis that are defined by specific pigment organization and association patterns. Their work is the absorption and transfer of light energy, which implies electron transfer. Photosystems are physically found in thylakoid membranes.
Chloroplasts are chlorophyll-containing organelles found in plant cells; they are essential for life on Earth because photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts. Proplastids give rise to chloroplasts, as do chromoplasts, leucoplasts, and other plastids. Light energy absorption and conversion into biological energy
To learn more about photosystems and chloroplasts, here
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Answer:
what I have to answer here nothing as afast
