In the 1800s, industrial towns emerged, attracting the existing surplus of agricultural workers in rural areas, who moved to cities and started to work in factories that had implemented massive production systems.
Such factories were, in turn, located next to suppliers and raw materials, for example, next to energy production plants. Moreover, for the subsequent commercialization of their products and services, factories needed to be easily reacheable by using cheap means of transport (railroads, ports, etc). <u>The existence of the mentioned facilities triggered the establishment of factories and companies in certain locations, that gave rise to the development and success of industrial towns. </u>
The Great Migration, or the relocation of more than 6 million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North, Midwest and West from 1916 to 1970, had a huge impact on urban life in the United States.
Plessy vs. Ferguson was a Supreme Court case that took place in 1896. It all started when Homer Plessy, a man who is 1/8th African American, was asked to move from his seat in the all white section of a train car. Plessy refused to move since he had bought a seat in this section. He was promptly arrested for his refusal to abide by this law.
Homer Plessy would go on to change this law saying that it was unconstitutional. His lawyer argued that this was a violation of his 14th amendment rights. However, the Supreme Court ruled against Plessy. The majority opinion from the Supreme Court stated that this did not violate the 14th amendment as long as the facilities for blacks and whites were "separate but equal."
This ruling drastically changed American society, as other businesses and facilities became segregated by race. These laws would last for almost half a century in the United States.
I think the answer is either a or c
