Answer:
<h2>d) flexible response</h2>
The idea of "flexible response," initiated by the Kennedy administration in 1961, was to be able to respond to to military aggression in ways appropriate to each situation. Flexible response meant using conventional weapons and methods as appropriate rather than relying on a nuclear arsenal as the USA's primary deterrent in dealing with adversaries.
This was a reaction over against the brinkmanship that had developed under the Eisenhower administration, with the threat of massive retaliation against anyone who threatened the US. John Foster Dulles, Secretary of State under President Eisenhower, had developed the strong approach, going further than the containment policy of the previous administration (of Pres. Truman). In 1956, Dulles described brinkmanship as "the ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art." He wasn't afraid to threaten massive retaliation against communist enemy countries as a way of intimidating them.
Question: Why was John C. Frémont known as ”The Pathfinder”?
Answer: He surveyed much of the West and created maps and travel guides that were used by westward travelers.
Explanation: he took a couple of people and they traveled to see how much land they had and made a map
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(jacemorris04)
Massachsettensis mentioned those events to reinforce the author's arguments against the rebellion of the colonists.
Massachusettensis was the name used by lawyer Daniel Leonard to publish his letters of loyalty to Great Britain in the <em>Massachusetts Gazette </em>between 1774 and 1775.
In these letters, Leonard mentions the purchase of New York and the War with Canada to emphasize the will of Great Britain to make the empire bigger by favoring her territory in America.
In these letters, he calls on the colonists not to rebel against the British Crown, arguing that he has endeavored to maintain his territory in America in a remarkable way.
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Grievances, hope this helps.