Flooding because of dam failures, subsidence, etc. are secondary effects, whereas shaking of structures, liquefaction, etc. by faulting are direct damage.
<h3>What are secondary catastrophic effects?</h3>
Secondary effects are indirectly associated with the occurrence of a catastrophic event (in this case, a earthquake).
Moreover, direct damage makes reference to eventual immediate effects that such catastrophic events may have.
In conclusion, flooding because of dam failures, subsidence, etc. are secondary effects, whereas shaking of structures, liquefaction, etc. by faulting are direct damage.
Learn more about immediate catastrophic effects here:
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Lower fertility rates or religion beliefs
Formation. Our solar system formed about 4.5 billion years ago from a dense cloud of interstellar gas and dust. The cloud collapsed, possibly due to the shockwave of a nearby exploding star, called a supernova. When this dust cloud collapsed, it formed a solar nebula—a spinning, swirling disk of material. Approximately 4.6 billion years ago, the solar system was a cloud of dust and gas known as a solar nebula. Gravity collapsed the material in on itself as it began to spin, forming the sun in the center of the nebula. With the rise of the sun, the remaining material began to clump together. Part of Hall of the Universe. The Sun and the planets formed together, 4.6 billion years ago, from a cloud of gas and dust called the solar nebula. A shock wave from a nearby supernova explosion probably initiated the collapse of the solar nebula. ... In a similar manner, moons formed orbiting the gas giant planets. Hope this helps!
An open lake is a lake where water constantly flows out under almost all climatic circumstances. Because water does not remain in an open lake for any length of time, open lakes are usually fresh water: dissolved solids do not accumulate. Open lakes form in areas where precipitation is greater than evaporation. Because most of the world's water is found in areas of highly effective rainfall, most lakes are open lakes whose water eventually reaches the sea. For instance, the Great Lakes' water flows into the St. Lawrence River and eventually the Atlantic Ocean.
In a closed lake (see endorheic drainage), no water flows out, and water which is not evaporated will remain in a closed lake indefinitely. This means that closed lakes are usually saline, though this salinity varies greatly from around three parts per thousand for most of the Caspian Sea to as much as 400 parts per thousand for the Dead Sea. Only the less salty closed lakes are able to sustain life, and it is completely different from that in rivers or freshwater open lakes. Closed lakes typically form in areas where evaporation is greater than rainfall, although most closed lakes actually obtain their water from a region with much higher precipitation than the area around the lake itself, which is often a depression of some sort.
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They form in the ocean where undersea volcanoes are errupting. The magma turning into lava piles up on top of itself over lots of time to form land.
