The adaptive immune response is the second line of defense against non-self pathogens. Adaptive immunity, also known as acquired immunity or specific immunity, is found only in vertebrates.
<h3>What is second line of defense?</h3>
Nonspecific resistance, which destroys invaders without targeting specific individuals, is the second line of defense: phagocytic cells ingest and destroy all microbes that enter body tissues.
The adaptive immune response is the body's second line of defense against non-self pathogens. Adaptive immunity, also known as acquired immunity or specific immunity, is found only in vertebrates.
Thus, adaptive immune system is a natural, nonspecific immune response, but it is part of the body's second line of defense.
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Pseudo vacuoles are not true organelles since they are just air bubbles which do not possess tonoplast and cell sap like real vacuoles. But they do help by increasing buoyancy of cells.
Nitrogen gas is most commonly found in which earths sphere?a. Biosphere
b. Exosphere
c. Atmosphere
d. Hydrosphere
