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34kurt
2 years ago
6

Instead of the conditions that the Treaty of Versailles had, what would be some better ones?

History
1 answer:
Maksim231197 [3]2 years ago
8 0

Answer:

When Germany signed the armistice ending hostilities in the First World War on November 11, 1918, its leaders believed they were accepting a “peace without victory,” as outlined by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in his famous Fourteen Points. But from the moment the leaders of the victorious Allied nations arrived in France for the peace conference in early 1919, the post-war reality began to diverge sharply from Wilson’s idealistic vision.

Five long months later, on June 28—exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife in Sarajevo—the leaders of the Allied and associated powers, as well as representatives from Germany, gathered in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles to sign the final treaty. By placing the burden of war guilt entirely on Germany, imposing harsh reparations payments and creating an increasingly unstable collection of smaller nations in Europe, the treaty would ultimately fail to resolve the underlying issues that caused war to break out in 1914, and help pave the way for another massive global conflict 20 years later.

The Paris Peace Conference: None of the defeated nations weighed in, and even the smaller Allied powers had little say.

Formal peace negotiations opened in Paris on January 18, 1919, the anniversary of the coronation of German Emperor Wilhelm I at the end of the Franco-Prussian War in 1871. World War I had brought up painful memories of that conflict—which ended in German unification and its seizure of the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine from France—and now France intended to make Germany pay.

Explanation:

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Greece and North Africa. The largest number of prisoners were Jews, but individuals were arrested and imprisoned for a variety of reasons, including ethnicity and political affiliation. Prisoners were subjected to unimaginable terrors from the moment they arrived in the camps; it was a dehumanizing existence that involved a struggle for survival against a system designed to annihilate them.

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The following bibliography was compiled to guide readers to selected materials on daily life in the Nazi concentration camps that are in the Library's collection. It is not meant to be exhaustive. Annotations are provided to help the user determine the item's focus, and call numbers for the Museum's Library are given the call number in parentheses following each citation. Those unable to visit might find these works in a nearby public or academic library, or acquire them through interlibrary loan. Talk to your local librarian for assistance.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION  « top »

Berenbaum, Michael, and Yisrael Gutman, editors. Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998. (D 805.5 .A96 A53 1998) [Find in a library near you (external link)]

Collection of articles on a wide range of topics from noted scholars such as Raul Hilberg, Yisrael Gutman, and Yehuda Bauer. Includes series of articles on prisoner administration and prisoner psychology; camp hospitals; the experiences of women, children, and families; as well as specific articles on Roma (Gypsies) and Hungarian Jews.

Cohen, Elie A. Human Behaviour in the Concentration Camp. London: Free Association Books, 1988. (D 805 .A2 C5613 1988) [Find in a library near you (external link)]

Provides a psychological perspective on life and behavior in the camps as experienced by both prisoners and perpetrators. Discusses general conditions in the camp, with particular notice of the medical consequences of daily life. Describes the living conditions in the camps and gives insight into the psychology of both prisoners and the SS. Based in part on the author’s experiences in various concentration camps. Includes tables, a bibliography, and an index.

Des Pres, Terrence. The Survivor: An Anatomy of Life in the Death Camps. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980. (RC 451.4 .H62 D47 1980) [Find in a library near you (external link)]

Explores methods of survival in the concentration camps. Discusses relationships among inmates and with camp guards. Draws from both survivor testimonies and secondary sources. Includes a bibliography.

Hackett, David A. The Buchenwald Report. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995. (D 805 .G3 B7746 1995) [Find in a library near you (external link)]

Presents the text of a report compiled by U.S. Army military intelligence operators who interviewed former prisoners of the Buchenwald concentration camp prisoners in the days and weeks after their liberation. Includes a general history of the camp along with details of daily life, such as the distribution of food, the types of forced labor, punishments, and general living conditions. Includes brief reports of conditions in other camps, a glossary of important terms, a select bibliography, and an index.

Iwaszko, Tadeusz. “The Housing, Clothing and Feeding of the Prisoners.” In Volume II of Auschwitz, 1940-1945: Central Issues in the History of the Camp, edited by Wacław Długoborski and Franciszek Piper, 51-64. Oświęcim: Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, 2000. (D 805.5 .A96 A97313 2000) [Find in a library near you (external link)]

Overview of prisoner conditions in Auschwitz I, the main camp of the complex. Discusses the construction, arrangement, and facilities of the housing blocks, clothing and clothing regulations, and the food rations that prisoners received. Distinguishes between official regulations and de facto conditions in the camps.

Explanation:

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