The climate was not a reason as countries with a similar climate like say Germany did not develop the Industrial Revolution or at least not at that time when England did.
During foreign imperial domination, China was forced into some settlement that went against the ideas and beliefs of their traditional culture that involves international trading. They have given up all their ways of life to British that leads to dramatic loss of culture and their welfare, they even forced to sign the series of unequal agreements. But China disagreed with this foreign control and later leads to a vicious rebellion such as The Boxer and the Taiping Rebellion. Most of the Chinese people perished and suffered resulting in this conflict there was a new and strong feeling of nationalism for China’s country and to their culture.
Jefferson had a idea that man should be FREE and back then US was not part of England and was paying them taxes