Numerous antiepileptic medications, such phenytoin, have been designed to block voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) in neuronal membrane. In addition, multiple toxins and pharmacological modulators work by attaching to various biophysical states of the VGSC to cause their effects. Depending on how modulatory agents act, some VGSC states are stabilized or destabilized, altering the channel's biophysical properties. The first anticonvulsant to successfully treat epileptic disorders without causing undesirable side effects such as brain drowsiness was phenytoin.
Phenytoin has been indicated to block high-frequency neuronal activity potentials from the inner vestibule of the pore, as demonstrated by electrophysiological research and site-directed mutation.
Frequency and voltage both affect phenytoin binding.
There are theories that phenytoin interferes with the late sodium current that sustains depolarizations in epilepsy by blocking non-inactivated channels.
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Many scientists agree that the universe is about 13 billion years old.
Answer:
sclera
The outer layer of the eyeball is a tough, white, opaque membrane called the sclera (the white of the eye). The slight bulge in the sclera at the front of the eye is a clear, thin, dome-shaped tissue called the cornea.
Explanation:
Answer:
auditory ossicles
Explanation:
In reptiles, the eardrum is connected to the inner ear via a single bone, the columella, while the upper and lower jaws contain several bones not found in mammals. Over the course of the evolution of mammals, one bone from the lower and one from the upper jaw (the articular and quadrate bones) lost their purpose in the jaw joint and were put to new use in the middle ear, connecting to the existing stapes bone and forming a chain of three bones, the ossicles, which transmit sounds more efficiently
Answer:
Exponential growth and a type II survivorship curve
Explanation:
- Firstly we need to understand what exponential growth is, it is the type of growth in which population of any specie increases at a tremendous rate, constantly. In this type of growth, the increase is an exponential function of time for example, 2 reproduce to form form, four to sixteen and so on.
Population survivorship curves are simply the graphs representing increase in population with respect to time. There are three types of population survivor ship curve, Type I, Type II and Type III.
- <u>In Type II survivorship curve,</u><u> </u>there is a constant dying rate of individuals of population with respect to time.
Now lets come back towards question, where two characteristics of the population are mentioned,
- Exponential growth of a population of sparrows with each generation.
- Constant dying rate
<em>This clarifies that </em><u><em>Exponential growth and a type II survivorship curve</em></u><em> is the best option representing the said scenario.</em>
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Hope it help!
