The three main stages of cellular respiration (aerobic) would include Glycolysis, the Kreb's Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain. The Krebs Cycle takes Citric Acid which is a derivative of Pyruvic Acid and converts this through 4 cycles into Hydrogen, carbon dioxide and water in the Mitochondrial Matrix.
Answer:
The effect of amanitin on the maximum elongation rate for the wild-type and modified RNA polymerases is that it binds to the RNA polymerases, and reduces the process of translocation which is essential for RNA synthesis that is required for RNA polymerases elongation.
Explanation:
Amanitin is a peptide that is cyclic in nature. It is repelled by water thereby making it an hydrophobic peptide.
Amanitin is a toxic peptide that is found in Amanita ( a type of mushroom).
Alpha Amanitin in particular is the one that affects the elongation rate of RNA Polymerases in the body.
When Alpha Amanitin gets into the body system, it travels straight to the liver and due to its very strong affinity for RNA polymerases, it immediately attaches itself to them.
After the attachment, Alpha Amanitin, is disturbs the bridge helix found in RNA polymerase, preventing the hindering and slowing down the proces of translocation from happening.
Once translocation is hindered, RNA is no longer synthesized. Hence, the elongation of RNA polymerases is hindered and this results in severe illness in the body such as liver failure, cytolysis of the liver
This is due to the fact that only homologous chromosomes would have identical genes located at identical sites on those chromosomes. Otherwise, there would be no connection between the alleles of various genes.
Although the genes and loci of the two members of the homologous pair are similar, the alleles may vary.For instance, both allele possess the genes responsible for the attribute of eye colour. While the one has alleles for the blue-eye trait, other has alleles for the brown-eye trait. The homologous chromosomes are said to be heterozygous in this instance since the alleles are different.
On the other hand, when both alleles for a gene that codes for the blue-eye phenotype are present, it is said to be homozygous.
To learn more about homologous chromosomes click here
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Its role is to break down rotting carcasses and dead plants.
