Answer:
<u>b. learning occurs independently of reinforcement</u>
Explanation:
Edward C. Tolman was one of the famous American psychologists who was best known for his research on 'cognitive maps', latent learning theory, cognitive behaviorism, and intervening variable.
According to Tolman, an individual has the capability of doing more than merely responding to certain stimuli, instead, he or she acts on attitudes, beliefs, strive towards specific goals, and a few changing conditions. He was considered as the only behaviorists who don't accept the "stimulus-response theory", as he believed that reinforcement wasn't required for learning.
In the question above, the correct answer is option-b.
William M. "Boss" Tweed of Tammany Hall would most support a patronage system.
William Magear "Boss" Tweed was an American politician. During the 19th century, he was the political boss of Tammany Hall, an influential party apparatus for the New York Democratic Party.
William M. Tweed was convicted of stealing between $ 25 million and $ 45 million from New York taxpayers through corruption. In later estimates of the corruption that Tweed was behind, the sum was in fact around 200 million USD.
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Answer:
Well, I'm not for sure if this is for real but here ya go.
So they don't violate them, and help educate others.
Hope this helps!
