Answer:
For both actin and microtubule polymerization, nucleotide hydrolysis is important for decreasing the binding strength between subunits on filaments.
Explanation:
Cytoskeletal filaments are common to eucaryotic cells and are impotartant to the spatial organization of cells. Intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength and resistance to shear stress. Microtubules determine the positions of membrane-enclosed organelles and direct intracellular transport. Actin filaments determine the shape of the cell's surface and are necessary for whole-cell locomotion. A large number of accessory proteins are present that link the filaments to other cell components, as well as to each other. Accessory proteins are essential for the assembly of the cytoskeletal filaments in particular locations, and it includes the motor proteins that either move organelles along the filaments or move the filaments themselves.
Actin filaments and microtubules are assembled with expenditure of energy i.e the ATP/GTP tightly bound to actin/tubulin is irreversibly hydrolyzed to ADP/GTP during the assembly process, and liberation of Pi in the medium occurs subsequent to the incorporation of subunits in the polymer. Pi release acts as a switch, causing the destabilization of protein-protein interactions in the polymer, therefore regulating the dynamics of these fibres. The progress is made in four areas: the chemistry of the NTPase reaction; the structure of the intermediates in nucleotide hydrolysis and the nature of the conformational switch; the regulation of parameters involved in dynamic instability of microtubules; and the possible involvement of nucleotide hydrolysis in the macroscopic organization of these polymers in highly concentrated solutions, compared with the simple case of a equilibrium polymers.
Answer:
An electrochemical Gradient
Explanation:
During the translation of mRNA to protein, the nascent polypeptide chain that is formed is not yet a functional protein right after translation. The polypeptide must then undergo another series of processing and packaging and may even need another protein(s) to completely form a functional moiety. Generally, for this a mix of chaperones may be needed to complete the protein synthesis pathway.
Answer:
When you manually crank the flashlight, a coil of wire inside the generator converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. This allows an electrical current to flow through the flashlight, thus lighting the bulb of the flashlight.
the answer your looking for :
A. genus and species
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The factors that the nurse expects in the influence of
development of teeth in the neonates are the following;
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Medication and illness of neonate
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Fluoride level that is present in the supply
water
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The medication or illness that the mother has
