The probability of two independent events occurring together is the Quotient of the probability of each event occurring separately.
Members of phylum Porifera are commonly known as spongs. They are generally marine and mostly asymmetrical animals. These are primitive multicellular animals and have cellular level of organization (lacks tissues). These Organisms (belonging to phylum Porifera) lacks most of the structures that are present in multicellular organisms like digestive system, respiratory system, Brain etc
Body of Spongs are made up of spicules or spongin fibers and these organism contain a water canal system which helps them in digestion, reproduction and catching their food in marine habitat.
DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA<span>) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions for the development and function of </span>living things<span>. All known cellular life and some viruses contain </span>DNA<span>. The main role of </span>DNA<span> in the cell is the long-term storage of information.</span>
Ok, so I wrote these out just to make it a little bit easier for you to understand what I am about to explain.
So for the first one you have two different traits that can be inherited- having freckles or having no freckles, F and f respectively. The dominant trait (or having freckles) is shown by the capital F, and is almost always expressed over the recessive trait, or the lowercase f. So, for example, if you have a genotype of Ff, the trait having freckles will show up instead of not having freckles. The only way that you could have the trait of no freckles show up is if there are two recessive alleles for having no freckles, or ff. In this case, you have two parents who are both heterozygous for the trait of having freckles, so in other words the mother has Ff and the father has Ff. Each parent passes down one allele to the offspring, so since you are breeding Ff and Ff, you should result in having the possible genotypes of FF, Ff, Ff, and ff. This means that there is a 25% chance that the offspring will be homozygous for having freckles, a 50% chance that the offspring will be heterozygous for having freckles and a 25% chance that they would be homozygous for having no freckles, or a 1:2:1 ratio.
Incomplete dominance is a little bit different that just a normal monohybrid cross. Instead of just the dominant gene showing up in a heterozygous genotype, both traits show up. So like the question says, if a homozygous red flower plant was crossed with a homozygous white flower plant, their offspring would not just be white or red, they would be pink because it is a mixture of white and red. So then if you crossed the heterozygous, or Rr plants, the result would be a 25% chance of getting a homozygous RR red plant, a 50% chance of getting a pink Rr plant, and a 25% chance of getting a white rr plant, or another 1:2:1 ratio.
Sorry for the wordy answer, but hopefully this helps you understand this a little better :)